Particle Theory of Matter

Aim: 
To observer conduction along a metal rod.

Equipment:
A metal, Retort stand and clamp, Bunsen Burner, petroleum jelly, 5-10 drawing pins, a stopwatch.

Method:
1. Set up and light a bunsen burner.
2. Smear a small amount of petroleum jelly on the head of each drawing pins.
3. Attach the drawing pins at even intervals along the length of the metal rod.
4. Clamp one end of the metal rod to a retort stand.
5. Position the retort stand so the unclamped end of the metal rod is in the bunsen flame and start the stopwatch.
6. Record the time it takes for the each pin to drop in the table below.

Results:

Pin Number	Time to drop (s)
Pin 1	8.63
Pin 2	43.68
Pin 3	1:00.89
Pin 4	2:10.03

Discussion:

This is how each pins drop. The first pin was the closest to the heat so It falls off first. A solid has a small gaps between their particles so the movement is vibrating. The vibrating transfer to each particles until it reaches the last pin.

Research of human disaster - Port Hills fire!

What I learnt:
I learnt how many hectares the wildfire spread, house burnt, and how many people got evacuated.
I learnt that there was a wildfire at New Zealand in 2017, occurring on the outskirts of Christchurch city.

The Behaviour of Matter - Expansion

Aim: To observe diffusion in a liquid.

Equipment:
- Petri dish
- Water
- Tweezers
- A crystal of potassium Permanganate

1. Half fill your petri dish with cold tap water.
2. Place the petri dish on your workbench and allow the water to become settled.
3. Using the tweezers, place a single crystal of potassium permanganate in  the center of the petri dish.
4. Observe for 5 minutes.
5. Repeat the experiment with hot water.


Results Hot water = Video

Cold water = Picture

Discussion:

Cold water - We put a little bit of potassium permanganate in the middle of the petri dish. It was first high concentrated in the middle and after a while it went to low concentration but it spreads throughout the petri dish. It spread slowly throughout the petri dish.

Hot water - We put a little bit of potassium permanganate in the middle of  the petri dish. It was first high concentrated in the middle but almost instantly it spread throughout the petri dish like it was running. When heated, the particles starts running because it's like putting fire under their feet.

Investigating state changes

Aim:
To observe water as it changes state from solid to liquid then to a gas.

Equipment:
- A 250 Ml beaker
- Thermometer
- Bunsen burner
- Heatproof mat
- Tripod
- Gauze mat
- Stopwatch
- Retort stand
- Clamp
- Ice cubes

Method:
1. Collect enough ice so that your beaker is half full and place the thermometer into it while you set up the rest of the equipment.

2. Set up the retort stand and clamp alongside the tripod and gauze mat.

3. Place the beaker of ice on the gauze mat and gently clamp the thermometer so that it is held upright and the scale is easy to see. The bottom of your thermometer should be low enough to still be covered by water when the ice melts, but not touching the bottom of the beaker.

4. Record the initial temperature of the ice in the date below.

5. Light the bunsen burner and start timing with the stopwatch.

6. Measure and record the temperature every minute.

7. Continue measuring and recording the temperature until the water has been boiling for 2 - 3 minutes.

Results:

Temp ( OC)	Time (Minutes)
6	1
11	2
12	3
17	4
26	5
40	6
60	7
78	8
92	9
106	10

Discussion:

We first heated up the block of ice (Solid). The first temperature that we got was 5 degrees. After a while it got higher and higher. The fastest gain of temperature was at 7 minutes and the slowest gain of temperature was at 3 minutes. When we got to 5 minutes, all of the solid turned into a liquid. At 10 minutes, the liquid started to evaporate and the liquid turned into a gas.