Investigating state changes

Aim:
To observe water as it changes state from solid to liquid then to a gas.

Equipment:
- A 250 Ml beaker
- Thermometer
- Bunsen burner
- Heatproof mat
- Tripod
- Gauze mat
- Stopwatch
- Retort stand
- Clamp
- Ice cubes

Method:
1. Collect enough ice so that your beaker is half full and place the thermometer into it while you set up the rest of the equipment.

2. Set up the retort stand and clamp alongside the tripod and gauze mat.

3. Place the beaker of ice on the gauze mat and gently clamp the thermometer so that it is held upright and the scale is easy to see. The bottom of your thermometer should be low enough to still be covered by water when the ice melts, but not touching the bottom of the beaker.

4. Record the initial temperature of the ice in the date below.

5. Light the bunsen burner and start timing with the stopwatch.

6. Measure and record the temperature every minute.

7. Continue measuring and recording the temperature until the water has been boiling for 2 - 3 minutes.

Results:

Temp ( OC)	Time (Minutes)
6	1
11	2
12	3
17	4
26	5
40	6
60	7
78	8
92	9
106	10

Discussion:

We first heated up the block of ice (Solid). The first temperature that we got was 5 degrees. After a while it got higher and higher. The fastest gain of temperature was at 7 minutes and the slowest gain of temperature was at 3 minutes. When we got to 5 minutes, all of the solid turned into a liquid. At 10 minutes, the liquid started to evaporate and the liquid turned into a gas.